Studies in Science of Science
type: channel
description: Studies in Science of Science 科学学研究 is a comprehensive academic journal founded in 1983 and originally sponsored by the Chinese Society for Science of Science and S&T Policy Research. It is now jointly run by the Chinese Society for Science of Science and S&T Policy Research, the Institutes of Science and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Research Center for Science, Technology and Society of Tsinghua University. Studies in Science of Science is an interdisciplinary journal that examines science, technology, and innovation in close connection with economic, business, and management development. The Issues focuses on major national policies and widely debated events in science and technology innovation, especially their economic and industrial implications. It promptly presents academic viewpoints, the latest research progress, and policy recommendations including those related to industrial upgrading, innovation-driven growth, and science-and-technology governance that affects firms and markets. The “Theory and Methods” column takes science, technology, innovation activities and related economic and managerial phenomena as its core research objects. It highlights cutting-edge theoretical frameworks and methodological advances, encouraging contributions that integrate innovation studies with economics, management science, business strategy, industrial organization, and evaluation methods, thereby promoting theoretical and methodological innovation in these intersecting fields. The “Innovation Exploration” column is grounded in real-world practices of science and technology innovation at the levels of firms, industries, regions, and innovation systems. Using empirical research, it seeks to distill new insights from practice such as R&D management, entrepreneurship, digital transformation, technology transfer, and open innovation and to refine innovation theory with explicit attention to business models, organizational behavior, and performance ou…
publisher: Editorial Department of Studies in Science of Science
language: en
publication name: Studies in Science of Science
issn: 1003-2053
items: A Strategic Competition Between China and Japan in the Indo-Pacific: Case From The Whoosh High-Speed Train Projects in Indonesia
items: Measurement of ‘Changing Lanes and Overtaking’ Achievement Degree in China's Industry--An Empirical Analysis of the Automotive Industry Mainstream Technology Track
items: Russia's awareness and concerns about high-tech cooperation with China under the new situation: an investigation and research based endogenous perspective of Russia
items: New Productivity: A Comparison of European and American Policies and Lessons for China
items: Development strategies for China’s integrated circuit industrial ecosystem in the Post-Moore Era
items: Does R&D collaboration among enterprises promote technological convergence? ———Moderating effect of engagement level with universities / scientific research institutions
items: Various patterns in different markets: Research on patent war types in the perspective of Chinese enterprises
items: Research on the influence of Sino - US technology rivalry on patent litigation of Chinese firms in the US
items: The theoretical construction and policy enlightenment of the new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide
items: How does strategic consensus facilitate enterprises to break through the digital pilot dilemma?
items: The impact of intelligent manufacturing on Chinese manufacturing enterprises' performance in GVC
items: Research on algorithmic black boxes: A cognitive science perspective
items: Breaking through technology blockade: A study on corporate venture capital investment strategy of high - tech companies
items: Layered network spillovers in China’s new energy governance: Global carbon emission reduction through new energy city pilots
items: Ethical challenges and regulation of gene editing technology under the perspective of human dignity
items: How disadvantaged firms achieve strategic green innovation in emerging fields —A longitudinal case study from the legitimacy perspective
items: Diversity and reciprocity of cross - border mobility networks of scientific and technological talents located in China mainland
items: The halo and spillover effects of the China patent award
items: Research on the current status and countermeasures of research ethics in retracted literature
items: Research on the construction and risk identification of Large Language Model industrial innovation ecosystem
items: New urbanization, technology spillover and digital economy development
items: The transfer characteristics of the world technological activities center countries: The perspective of patent big data analysis
items: Research on the influence of coopetition capabilities on firms' digital transformation performance
items: Mission - oriented governance reform of national research institutions: Origin, dilemma and approach
items: Analysis of the Correlation between Scientific and Technological Talent Structure and Scientific and Technological Output Efficiency - A Case Study of Shenzhen City
items: Ethics and Governance of Human Brain Organoids Research and Application
items: Ethical Risks of the Generative Information Privacy Divide
items: Can the innovation-driven development strategy help cultivate new quality productivity? An empirical test based on continuous difference-in-differences.
items: Research on Strategic Intellectual Property Management for New Tracks of Future Industries: Taking Quantum Computing as an Example
items: Can Moral Enhancement Address Humanity’s Existential Threats?

A Strategic Competition Between China and Japan in the Indo-Pacific: Case From The Whoosh High-Speed Train Projects in Indonesia
type: item
description: China’s launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (2013) and Japan’s subsequent Partnership for Quality Infrastructure (2015) have intensified their rivalry over infrastructure exports across Asia. Existing scholarship largely contrasts these initiatives in terms of competition and norm diffusion, but pays less attention to the underlying forces shaping their policy designs. This article proposes a framework in which great-power rivalry and cross-national policy learning jointly guide how infrastructure strategies are formulated. Strategic competition encourages each country to differentiate itself and claim particular market and political spaces, whereas learning from one another’s practices gradually pushes their approaches closer together. We examine these dynamics along three dimensions: how the initiatives are defined, how state-backed support is structured, and how far they rely on multilateral versus bilateral arrangements. Using Indonesian railway projects as a paired case, we show how China, as a relative latecomer, leveraged political and financial innovation to enter a field long dominated by Japan, and how both sides subsequently adjusted their policies after the Jakarta– Bandung high-speed rail tender and the second phase of the Jakarta mass rapid transit project.
subject: Research Articles ○ Open Access (OA)
  topic: section
subject: Belt and Road Initiative
  topic: keywords
subject: Partnership for Quality Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure export strategies Policy learning
  topic: keywords
subject: competition Indonesian railway projects
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Akbar Anggara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 810
ending page: 829

Measurement of ‘Changing Lanes and Overtaking’ Achievement Degree in China's Industry--An Empirical Analysis of the Automotive Industry Mainstream Technology Track
type: item
description: Since the initiation of the reform and opening-up policy, China has pursued a development strategy characterized by following the lead of advanced economies. This approach has resulted in China's long-term positioning at the lower end of the global value chain, which is dominated by developed countries. Consequently, China has faced significant challenges in achieving upward mobility within the value chain. Currently, many of China's industries are at a critical juncture of development and transformation, among these, the new energy vehicle industry stands out as the most dynamic sector, demonstrating considerable potential for China to achieve "Changing Lanes and Overtaking" development. Therefore, grasping the critical window period for "Changing Lanes and Overtaking" and ly identifying the extent of its realization are of vital importance for China to break through the path dependency of core technologies in traditional industries and to achieve high-quality development. Based on the INNOJOY patent database, this study selects two mainstream technological trajectories within the automotive industry as research objects: the technological trajectory of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and that of lithium battery vehicles. A comprehensive three-dimensional analytical model, incorporating the dimensions of technology, economy, and law, along with its corresponding indicator system, is constructed to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the patent information related to these technological trajectories. The entropy weight method is employed to assign weights to each indicator, reflecting their relative importance. Subsequently, the TOPSIS method is utilized to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the value of each patent. This process results in the formation of a patent quality index for each country, which is then applied to compare the patent competitive advantages among different nations. The findings reveal that in the technological trajectory o…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: changing lanes and overtaking
  topic: keywords
subject: new energy vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: lithium battery vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: global value chain
  topic: keywords
subject: entropy weight method
  topic: keywords
creator: Song Xiaoqing
creator: Yang Wu
creator: Wang Ling
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 829
ending page: 847

Russia's awareness and concerns about high-tech cooperation with China under the new situation: an investigation and research based endogenous perspective of Russia
type: item
description: With the increasing complexity of the international situation and considering the realistic conditions of high political mutual trust between China and Russia, there is great potential for high-tech cooperation between the two countries. This article is based on a survey and research conducted on the Russian citizen over 25 years old, combined with expert consultation, attempting to demonstrate the overall understanding of the Russian government, think tank community, and society towards high-tech cooperation with China under the new situation. The study found that the Russian society has a strong willingness to cooperate with China under the influence of national strategic choices and has a high overall evaluation, especially in the fields of digital and information technology, and has expectations for the Chinese market environment. Although the scale and intensity of Sino-Russian high-tech cooperation are not as strong as that of Russia-USA and Russia-Europe, China's strategic dominant position in Russia's foreign high-tech cooperation will continue under the impetus of the “common agenda” to counter Western technological sovereignty. Based on the perspective of endogenous Russia, this research conducts an exploratory investigation and research on Russia's awareness and concerns about high-tech cooperation with China under the new situation, which provides clues and basis for promoting the high-quality development of Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of high-tech, and also provides inspiration for decision makers to respond and predict corresponding Russian policies.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: China–Russia relations
  topic: keywords
subject: high-tech cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: Russia’s perception
  topic: keywords
subject: digital and information technology
  topic: keywords
subject: technological sovereignty
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign science and technology policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Fan Weiwei
creator: Alina Steblyanskaya
creator: Jia Xiaoqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 793
ending page: 809

New Productivity: A Comparison of European and American Policies and Lessons for China
type: item
description: New productivity—anchored in digitalisation, green transition and innovation-driven growth—has become a core theme in major economies’ structural upgrading strategies. This paper compares how the European Union and the United States conceptualise, cultivate, and govern “new productivity”, and distils policy implications for China. Drawing on policy documents, strategic plans and sectoral initiatives, the study finds that the EU emphasises mission-oriented and regulation-led new productivity, driven by green transformation, digital sovereignty, and social cohesion (e.g. Green Deal, Digital Compass, industrial policy under “open strategic autonomy”). By contrast, the US follows a more market-driven and security-oriented approach, characterised by flexible industrial policies, massive innovation funding in key technologies, and reshoring/“friend-shoring” framed by national security and techno-geopolitics. The paper argues that China should neither mechanically imitate European planning logics nor American competition logics, but build a China-specific new productivity paradigm that simultaneously: (1) strengthens basic research and original innovation capacity; (2) accelerates digital–green–manufacturing integration; (3) leverages super-large market advantages and the “new nationwide system” to build open yet controllable innovation ecosystems; and (4) improves institutional arrangements for talent, data and platform governance. These insights provide theoretical support and policy reference for China to cultivate new productive forces under great-power competition and deep global uncertainty.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: new productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation policy
  topic: keywords
subject: digital and green transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial policy
  topic: keywords
subject: new quality productive forces
  topic: keywords
creator: Qian Guiming
creator: Yang Zhen
creator: Chen Jin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 779
ending page: 792

Development strategies for China’s integrated circuit industrial ecosystem in the Post-Moore Era
type: item
description: The post-Moore era marks the period following the breakdown of “Moore's Law,” which predicted that microprocessor performance would double approximately every two years. In this era, integrated circuits are approaching the physical limits of material density and process technology, while energy consumption costs are rising significantly. The onset of the post-Moore era has led to three major technological shifts. First, in advanced silicon-based semiconductor manufacturing, the first-mover advantage of leading nations, regions, and companies is gradually eroding. Second, new competitive arenas are emerging in advanced packaging technologies and the development of alternative materials for silicon-based chips. Third, the rise of the RISC-V architecture is challenging the longstanding market dominance of Intel x86 and ARM architectures. The post-Moore era has also reshaped the competitive landscape, characterized by oligopolistic market structures and the increasing nationalization of key industry players. These developments offer new opportunities for China’s integrated circuit industry. In light of China’s burgeoning digital economy, which continuously creates new scenarios and markets, we propose that the Ecosystem strategy for the development of China's integrated circuit industry in the post-Moore era should encompass four types. First, mature ecosystem, which adheres to the singular technological path of More Moore, and the goal is to enhance the industry's autonomy and controllability, as well reducing the risk of being subjected to critical constraints. Second, scenario-driven ecosystem, which follows the integrated technological path of More than Moore and More Moore, and the aim is to leverage China's rich application scenarios to expand the boundaries of the integrated circuit industry ecosystem, while continuously promoting the industry's digital transformation and achieve autonomous control over the integrated circuit industry ecosystem from the end of ke…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: post-Moore era
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated circuit industry
  topic: keywords
subject: ecosystem strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: China’s digital economy
  topic: keywords
subject: new nationwide system
  topic: keywords
creator: Rong Ke
creator: Huang Cheng
creator: Zhou Di
creator: Kou Hongwei
creator: Xu Zhengzhong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 766
ending page: 778

Does R&D collaboration among enterprises promote technological convergence? ———Moderating effect of engagement level with universities / scientific research institutions
type: item
description: Technology convergence has become the primary way enterprises achieve technological innovation and cultivate disruptive technologies. Enterprises’ R&D cooperation was recognized as one of the crucial factors in promoting technological convergence. However, in the context of accelerated technology convergence in multiple fields, how enterprise R&D collaboration affects technology convergence remains unclear. Based on knowledge management theory and resource dependence theory, we constructed the multilayered complex network of enterprise R&D cooperation—technology convergence and measured the technology convergence degree of enterprises from the breadth, depth, and difference. Then, we explored the impact of enterprise R&D cooperation on technology convergence at different technology lifecycles and the moderating effect of engagement level with universities/scientific research institutions. We conducted empirical research on smartphone-related enterprises and found that (1) the strength of enterprises’ R&D cooperation, technology heterogeneity of enterprises’ R&D cooperation partners, and enterprises’ average R&D cooperation time all have a promoting effect on technology convergence depth and difference. The effects are more significant in the emergence and post-growth stages. (2) The strength of enterprises’ R&D cooperation, technology heterogeneity of enterprises’ R&D cooperation partners, and enterprises’ average R&D cooperation time all have an inhibitory effect on technology convergence breadth. The effects are different in each technology lifecycles. (3) The engagement level with universities/scientific research institutions positively regulates the inhibitory relationships between the strength of enterprises’ R&D cooperation, technology heterogeneity of enterprises’ R&D cooperation partners, enterprises’ average R&D cooperation time, and technology convergence breadth. The engagement level with universities/scientific research institutions negatively regulates …
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: technology convergence
  topic: keywords
subject: R&D cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: multilayer complex network
  topic: keywords
subject: technology life cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: university–industry collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge management
  topic: keywords
subject: resource dependence theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Li Xin
creator: Wang Yan
creator: Gao Ning
creator: Huang Lucheng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 753
ending page: 765

Various patterns in different markets: Research on patent war types in the perspective of Chinese enterprises
type: item
description: Patent warfare is a series of offensive and defensive actions centered around patent ownership and use, aimed at attacking business rivals and gaining commercial benefits by exploiting loopholes in policies and regulations. Originating in the United States, patent warfare is spreading globally, profoundly impacting the competitive landscape of industries and becoming a new problem and challenge for the global patent system. Facing the risks and challenges of global patent warfare, this study uses patent wars encountered by Chinese companies in the United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and India as research samples, employing qualitative comparative analysis to conduct empirical research. The research shows that with the spread of patent warfare in recent years, it has evolved into differentiated characteristics, which can be divided into five main types. Not only are the initiators and attack methods of patent wars diversified, but the types and characteristics of patent wars also exhibit heterogeneity in emerging and mature markets. Therefore, to cope with the risks and challenges of global patent warfare, Chinese companies must adopt differentiated prevention and response strategies based on the type of patent war and the different markets and patent war actors.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: patent warfare
  topic: keywords
subject: patent litigation strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: global patent system
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese enterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging vs. mature markets
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual property risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhang Mier
creator: Liu Ximei
creator: Zhang Linlin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 738
ending page: 752

Research on the influence of Sino - US technology rivalry on patent litigation of Chinese firms in the US
type: item
description: Nowadays, the uncertainty of the international environment is rising. On the one hand, deglobalization is intensifying, new technological nationalism is prevailing, and the global economic structure is being reshaped. On the other hand, as geopolitical conflicts between countries continue and Sino-US trade frictions intensify, Chinese multinational enterprises are facing unprecedented challenges. Among them, the core event is still that the United States imposed tariffs on Chinese imports in 2018, which subsequently escalated into the Sino-US trade war and technology game, in which the United States targeted Chinese high-tech enterprises and increased sanctions on industries in the "Made in China 2025". All the above phenomena show the concern of the United States about the rapid progress of China's science and technology. For Chinese multinational enterprises, it is not only necessary to strengthen the awareness of independent innovation, but also to protect their own technology from being infringed, which is also a topic worthy of attention in the theoretical and practical circles. This paper theoretically analyzes the intrinsic mechanism of the impact of the Sino-US Technology Rivalry on the number of patent litigation faced by Chinese firms in the United States, starting from the mechanisms of "Decoupling" and "Competition." Political tensions between the United States and China, on the one hand, limit the movement of technology and personnel between the two countries, thereby reducing potential patent disputes; On the other hand, it will increase the possibility that US enterprises will use patent litigation as a competitive weapon to suppress the core technology of Chinese enterprises, and the number of patent lawsuits will increase. Two contradictory "forces" make the relationship between the political tension between China and the United States and the number of Chinese enterprises being sued in the United States become confusing. By constructing a Staggered…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Sino–US technology rivalry
  topic: keywords
subject: decoupling mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: competition mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese high-tech enterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: staggered difference-in-differences
  topic: keywords
subject: international diversification
  topic: keywords
subject: R&D intensity
  topic: keywords
creator: Chen Yulan
creator: Liu Yutong
creator: Du Jian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 721
ending page: 737

The theoretical construction and policy enlightenment of the new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide
type: item
description: Establishing and improving a new national system for tackling key core technologies is an inevitable requirement for China to solve the "bottleneck" problem and achieve scientific and technological self-reliance. However, current theoretical research on this new national system lacks depth and cannot effectively address relevant domestic and international controversies. This study proposes the theoretical foundation of a new national system from the perspective of innovation-driven development and constructs a theoretical analytical framework of "national will—national capacity—interaction mechanism." It argues that the national will formed under crisis-driven conditions is an important prerequisite for implementing the new national system. Under the guarantee of strong national capacity, a dynamic interaction mechanism is formed between the government and the market, and between the public and private sectors, thereby transforming the institutional advantages of the new national system into advantages for national innovation-driven development.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: new nationwide system
  topic: keywords
subject: key core technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation-driven development
  topic: keywords
subject: national will
  topic: keywords
subject: national capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: state–market interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: mission-oriented innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Huang Junyi
creator: Sui Jigang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 704
ending page: 720

How does strategic consensus facilitate enterprises to break through the digital pilot dilemma?
type: item
description: With the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, a growing number of enterprises have embarked on digital strategic transformation, accelerating the integration of new-generation information technology with their business scenarios. However, in practice, many enterprises are still stuck at the pilot stage of digital transformation for certain businesses, facing challenges such as high transformation costs and low production efficiency, thus trapped in a pilot dilemma. How to effectively help enterprises break through this pilot dilemma and promote the transition from limited pilot projects to full-scale implementation of digital transformation has become an important practical issue. Existing research has focused on studying the influencing factors of enterprise digital transformation at the senior management level. It overlooked the proactive role of employees in the transformation process. As a process of organizational strategic change, the implementation and promotion of enterprise digital strategies cannot rely solely on the drive of senior management. It requires the participation and support of all the employees. Only when employees reach a common understanding and identification with the established strategies of the enterprise will they consciously and actively engage in the strategic practice process, thereby effectively enhancing the level of digital transformation. In this sense, this study introduces a context-driven perspective to explore the mechanism of strategic consensus influencing the scope of enterprise digital application from differentiated contextualized innovation behavior. By using 244 pairs of "leader-employee" questionnaire data to carry out empirical analysis, the results show that: (1) Strategic consensus has a significant positive impact on enterprises' expansion of the scope of digital application. When employees at all levels reach a consensus and high identification with the vision and goals of enterpris…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: pilot dilemma
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic consensus
  topic: keywords
subject: contextualized innovative behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: context-driven perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: employee cognition
  topic: keywords
creator: Hu Qing
creator: Yang Dapeng
creator: Xu Mengzhou
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 689
ending page: 703

The impact of intelligent manufacturing on Chinese manufacturing enterprises' performance in GVC
type: item
description: Intelligent manufacturing has become a key driver for upgrading China’s manufacturing industry and enhancing its position in global value chains (GVCs). This paper investigates how intelligent manufacturing capabilities affect Chinese manufacturing enterprises’ GVC performance from both value capture and value chain position dimensions. Drawing on panel data of Chinese listed manufacturing firms, combined with indicators of digital technology adoption, automation level, and data-driven decision-making, we construct an intelligent manufacturing index and embed it into a firm-level GVC performance framework. Using fixed-effects and mediation models, the study finds that intelligent manufacturing significantly improves firms’ GVC performance by increasing value-added margins, export sophistication, and the probability of moving toward higher-end segments of the value chain. Mechanism analysis shows that this positive effect operates mainly through three channels: upgrading product quality, enhancing production flexibility and efficiency, and strengthening collaborative innovation with upstream and downstream partners. Heterogeneity tests further reveal that the promoting effect is more pronounced in high-tech industries, coastal regions, and firms with stronger absorptive capacity. The findings provide empirical evidence that intelligent manufacturing is an effective pathway for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to move from “big” to “strong” in GVCs, and offer policy implications for digital upgrading and GVC reconfiguration.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: intelligent manufacturing
  topic: keywords
subject: global value chains
  topic: keywords
subject: firm performance
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: value chain upgrading
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhao Shaohua
creator: Xie Fuji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 675
ending page: 688

Research on algorithmic black boxes: A cognitive science perspective
type: item
description: Studying algorithmic black boxes from a cognitive dimension represents a third pathway beyond the existing technical and normative approaches. This perspective emphasizes understanding algorithmic black boxes through conceptual frameworks similar to those used for human cognition. Compared to the "black box" of the human mind, algorithmic black boxes face higher demands for transparency, which has given rise to the "algorithmic black box-transparency-accountability" framework. However, this focus often overshadows other important attributes of black boxes, such as their strangeness and legitimacy.Contrary to cognitive common sense, algorithmic black boxes also possess positive cognitive functions. They unify transitions across organizational levels in cognition and facilitate the shift from causal relationships to mechanisms. This capability challenges the myth of algorithmic explainability, avoids the illusion of explanatory depth, and provides directions for horizontal or nested explanations to unfold the black box. A visual "gray box" ladder explanation method, positioned between "white box" and "black box" approaches, can be employed.The analytical framework of the information and control phases s a re-evaluation of scenario-based regulation methods. Trust in algorithms can be categorized into three types: inherent trust, learned trust, and situational trust, corresponding to factors related to humans, algorithms, and the environment, respectively. Reducing "algorithm aversion" is influenced by the objectivity of algorithms, the autonomy of human processes, concerns about social judgment, and the degree of intrusion algorithms impose on human thought.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Algorithmic black box
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency and accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Gray box explanation
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithmic trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Scenario-based algorithm governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhang Junhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 658
ending page: 674

Breaking through technology blockade: A study on corporate venture capital investment strategy of high - tech companies
type: item
description: Technological innovation is a core element in developing new productive forces. Faced with the US-initiated technological blockade against China, breaking free from dependence on foreign technology and promoting technological self-reliance is crucial for the high-quality development of China's high-tech industry. This paper examines how Chinese high-tech companies utilize venture capital to overcome technological blockades and tackle key core technologies, using the US Entity List sanctions as a backdrop. The study finds that compared to high-tech companies not subject to Entity List sanctions, sanctioned companies significantly increased their venture capital investment after being sanctioned. Furthermore, venture capital significantly increased the number of patent applications, patent citations, and patent knowledge breadth for these companies in key core technology areas. Further analysis shows that when sanctioned companies have higher market positions, greater trustworthiness, and stronger absorption capabilities, they have a stronger incentive to initiate venture capital to overcome technological blockades. In terms of specific investment behavior, sanctioned high-tech companies are more likely to invest in startups with high upstream industry relevance and in early-stage development. This study reveals the important role of corporate venture capital in overcoming foreign technological blockades and tackling key core technologies, providing important insights for the independent innovation of Chinese high-tech enterprises.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Technological blockade
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate venture capital
  topic: keywords
subject: Key core technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: High-tech enterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: US Entity List sanctions
  topic: keywords
creator: Wan Liangyong
creator: Sui Xin
creator: Zhu Guilong
creator: Rao Jing
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 640
ending page: 657

Layered network spillovers in China’s new energy governance: Global carbon emission reduction through new energy city pilots
type: item
description: As the world's largest producer of renewable energy, China's renewable energy governance is both domestic and global. Exploring whether China's renewable energy governance practices have reduced global carbon emissions and enhanced global governance capacity is of significant practical importance. This study finds that China's renewable energy governance has a significant carbon reduction spillover effect. Specifically, it has significantly increased the depth and breadth of the signing of global environmental governance rules through RTAs (Regulatory Agreements). Looking at the details of the signed rules, trade-related aspects of China's renewable energy governance have the strongest carbon reduction spillover effect on implementation mechanisms and environmental target setting; technology-related and investment-related aspects are consistent, with external aid and institutional establishment being the most prominent; infrastructure-related aspects have the strongest carbon reduction spillover effect through the signing of external aid and implementation mechanisms. Furthermore, China's trade, technology, and infrastructure-related aspects of renewable energy governance with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative can accelerate the signing of global environmental governance rules through RTAs. Meanwhile, in terms of the distribution of related countries, China's trade-related carbon reduction spillover is highest with Europe, Africa is most directly affected by China's technology and infrastructure-related aspects of renewable energy governance, and Asia is best affected by investment-related carbon reduction effects. It is worth noting that the Sino-US friction will inhibit the spillover effect of China's trade-related new energy governance on global carbon emission reduction, but will strengthen the spillover effect of China's new energy governance technology-related linkages.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: China’s renewable energy governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon reduction spillover effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional trade agreements
  topic: keywords
subject: Global environmental governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Belt and Road Initiative
  topic: keywords
creator: Yu Ziling
creator: Ma Mengjuan
creator: Ma Lili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 625
ending page: 639

Ethical challenges and regulation of gene editing technology under the perspective of human dignity
type: item
description: Gene editing technology, as the most representative subversive technology in contemporary times, brings huge opportunities for human development while also posing many challenges by modifying life genes. This technology has broken through the traditional definition of life and the once unquestionable realm of life, directly touching on the existing ethical positioning of the intrinsic value of life and triggering a crisis of human dignity. At the three levels of nature, individuals, and society, this crisis of human dignity is manifested as a crisis of life dignity, a crisis of personal dignity, and a crisis of human dignity. dignity. To ensure the safety and proper use of this technology, relevant laws and ethical guidelines need to be formulated. Gene editing technology should be based on the principles of "people-oriented, scientific rigor, fairness and openness, early warning and accountability", balance the tension between the development of genetic technology and the value system of life ethics, construct a "soft landing" mechanism for the development of gene editing technology, establish a new ethical cognitive schema and new forms of ethical norms, so as to better safeguard human dignity and promote human development.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Gene editing technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Human dignity crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Life ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical and legal governance
  topic: keywords
subject: People-oriented responsible innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Wang Wei
creator: Ge Qiuping
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 612
ending page: 624

How disadvantaged firms achieve strategic green innovation in emerging fields —A longitudinal case study from the legitimacy perspective
type: item
description: In recent years, China's new energy storage has entered a large-scale development phase, during which energy storage companies focus on sustainable development goals and green development directions, and actively pursue green innovation strategies. Energy storage is a hot topic in the energy field, and from the field perspective, it is also a typical emerging field, and the emerging field is characterized by high volatility and instability of organizational roles and systems, for which innovative enterprises may face the dilemma of institutional vacuum. At the same time, power grid enterprises have been in a monopoly position in the energy field for a long time, and energy storage enterprises, as a new entrant to the industry, belong to a relatively vulnerable enterprises. As we all know, legitimacy is a necessary condition for the survival of enterprises, so it is of great practical significance to overcome the above difficulties and challenges to realize the legitimation of green innovation. In terms of theoretical background, the mainstream assumption of existing green innovation-related studies is that green innovation is a legitimate means for enterprises to comply with environmental regulations and satisfy the market's green demand, but this assumption is only applicable to explaining compliance green innovation, not strategic green innovation, which emphasizes differentiation and is ahead of the established institutional logic, and its legitimation process needs to be clarified urgently. Moreover, existing studies have rarely analyzed the legitimation process of green innovation in combination with a field perspective, and the legitimation process of green innovation has not been fully integrated with a field perspective. In addition, existing studies rarely analyze the legitimation process of green innovation from a field perspective and pay insufficient attention to strategic green innovation by disadvantaged firms in emerging fields. In summary, the core r…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Strategic green innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Legitimacy process
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging energy storage field
  topic: keywords
subject: Disadvantaged firms
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational identity work
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhu Yali
creator: Lin Yingying
creator: Guo Changwei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 595
ending page: 611

Diversity and reciprocity of cross - border mobility networks of scientific and technological talents located in China mainland
type: item
description: The cross-border mobility of scientific and technological (S&T) talents, a critical occurrence in contemporary society, holds substantial economic and political connotations. The domains of global politics, economy, and society are swiftly evolving towards heightened complexity, morphing into a broader, more intricately linked, diverse, and dynamic system. Phenomena such as technological innovation, the spread of pandemics, and the increasing intricacy of the world question a linear, unidirectional, and static perspective that has largely guided studies on scientists' mobility. The dialogue on the cross-border mobility of S&T talents has progressed from the concepts of brain drain and brain gain to the idea of brain circulation, a term coined to illustrate the rising trend of temporary, transnational, and cyclical movements among highly skilled workers. This shift in paradigm necessitates an understanding of S&T talents' global mobility through the lens of complex network analysis. Diversity and reciprocity play crucial roles in upholding the stability and dynamics of networks. The diversity and reciprocity of cross-border mobility networks of S&T talents contribute to the creation of diverse and complementary human resources in the field of science and technology. Diversity and reciprocity in the global mobility network of S&T talents promote sustainable exchange and sharing of knowledge, information, and other academic resources within such a network. While the cross-border mobility of S&T talents has been widely studied, research on the complex network attributes of the global mobility network of S&T talents is limited. Moreover, quantifying global mobility of S&T talents on a large scale presents challenges. This research, based on extensive bibliometric data collected from the Scopus database spanning from 1950 to 2020, measures cross-border mobility of S&T talents by examining changes in their affiliations over time. The study identifies over 0.96 million cros…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Cross-border mobility of S&T talents
  topic: keywords
subject: Brain circulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Complex network analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Diversity and reciprocity of mobility networks
  topic: keywords
subject: China’s international S&T talent flows
  topic: keywords
creator: Liu Meijun
creator: Yang Jie
creator: Shi Jing
creator: Bu Yi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 582
ending page: 594

The halo and spillover effects of the China patent award
type: item
description: Research on status-related "halo effects" and biases has extensively examined how recognition influences perceptions in various fields. This paper investigates the impact of status elevation on patent recognition following a prestigious award and explores related spillover effects. Specifically, we analyze how receiving the esteemed China Patent Award—a top-level national honor—affects the awarded patent’s citation rate and the spillover effects on the award recipient and related research domains. The China Patent Award, jointly administered by the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), is the most significant national-level award recognizing innovation within authorized patents. Established in 1989 and conferred annually since 2009, this award acknowledges inventions recommended by governmental bodies, intellectual property offices, and industry associations. Evaluative criteria for the award encompass four dimensions: (1) inventiveness, practicality, and text quality of the patent; (2) originality, significance, and applicability of the technology; (3) economic benefits, market share, and protection measures; and (4) social impact, influence within the industry, and alignment with national policy goals. To examine how status elevation affects recognition, we analyze the change in the number of annual forward citations before and after the award as an indicator of patent attention and perceived value. Focusing on the period four years before the award, the award year, and four years after the award, we use longitudinal citation data to assess changes due to the award’s influence. Our dataset includes invention patents awarded between 2007 and 2014, ensuring at least four years of post-award citation data. Additionally, we employ Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to match each awarded patent with a control patent filed in the same year, closely matched in quality, technological field, and pr…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: China Patent Award
  topic: keywords
subject: Status elevation
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent citations and recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Propensity Score Matching
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation policy and award spillovers
  topic: keywords
creator: Sun Zhen
creator: Guo Jiayu
creator: Li Xibao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 567
ending page: 581

Research on the current status and countermeasures of research ethics in retracted literature
type: item
description: In the current landscape of scientific research, the rampant occurrence of ethical lapses has evolved into a formidable global predicament. This study, with the Retraction Watch Database (RWD) as its cornerstone, embarked on a comprehensive and profound exploration of the extant situation, distinctive characteristics, and efficacious governance strategies concerning ethical misconduct within retracted papers. The RWD, renowned for its extensive coverage and updates in the domain of retraction information, furnished an invaluable data reservoir for this investigative endeavor. The research methodology entailed the meticulous crafting of a Python crawler program, which was deployed to extract papers bearing a retraction status as of December 31, 2023. Through a painstaking and detailed data analysis process, a multitude of crucial facets were scrutinized. These encompassed the chronological distribution of retractions, the geographical provenance and authorial origins, the associations with journals and publishers, the disciplinary dispersion, and the fundamental causative factors underlying retractions. The study's revelations were both significant and thought-provoking. It was ascertained that the tally of retractions stemming from ethical misconduct has experienced a remarkable upsurge since 2019. China, in particular, emerged as the nation with the highest number of retractions, dwarfing that of other countries, trailed by the United States, Japan, Germany, and Russia. The preponderant triggers for retractions encompassed the dearth of ethical approvals for human and animal experiments, infringements of authorial ethical norms, and the non-existence of patient informed consent. Among the top 10 retracted journals, the lion's share was affiliated with Hindawi Publishing and predominantly belonged to the SCIE Q2 and Q3 open access category. The disciplinary distribution of retracted papers was conspicuously skewed towards the health sciences and basic life sciences.…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Ethical misconduct in scientific research
  topic: keywords
subject: Retraction Watch Database
  topic: keywords
subject: Paper retractions
  topic: keywords
subject: global patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific and technological ethics governance
  topic: keywords
subject: retraction risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Wang Chenyang
creator: Chu Jianxun
creator: Guan Zhengyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 549
ending page: 566

Research on the construction and risk identification of Large Language Model industrial innovation ecosystem
type: item
description: This paper investigates the construction logic and risk profile of the Large Language Model (LLM) industrial innovation ecosystem in the context of accelerated AI-driven transformation. Drawing on innovation ecosystem and platform economy theory, we first decompose the LLM ecosystem into four core subsystems: foundational layer (computing power, data, basic models), application layer (vertical fine-tuned models and scenario solutions), support layer (tools, MLOps, evaluation and security services) and governance layer (standards, regulation, ethics and governance bodies). On this basis, we construct an ecosystem framework featuring “platform–complementor–user–governor” multi-actor collaboration, and clarify the key mechanisms of value co-creation, data feedback, and iterative innovation. Further, we develop a risk identification scheme covering five categories: technological risk (hallucination, robustness, controllability), data and security risk (privacy, leakage, abuse), economic risk (platform monopoly and crowding-out of SMEs), social and ethical risk (bias, misinformation, labour displacement), and systemic governance risk (regulatory lag and fragmented supervision). The paper argues that high-intensity coupling among actors amplifies both innovation efficiency and systemic vulnerability, requiring a shift from “single-firm risk control” to “ecosystem-level resilient governance”. Finally, policy and managerial implications are proposed for building a safe, open and sustainable LLM industrial innovation ecosystem.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: large language model
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial innovation ecosystem
  topic: keywords
subject: platform economy
  topic: keywords
subject: risk identification
  topic: keywords
subject: resilient governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Tang Luyuan
creator: Xie Shiyao
creator: Xu Yuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 530
ending page: 548

New urbanization, technology spillover and digital economy development
type: item
description: This paper investigates the intrinsic links between new urbanization, technology spillover and digital economy development, and reveals how spatial restructuring driven by people-centered urbanization reshapes regional innovation and industrial upgrading. Drawing on panel data of prefecture-level cities and applying spatial econometric models, we first examine the direct impact of new urbanization on the scale and quality of the digital economy. The results show that improvements in population agglomeration, public services and green infrastructure significantly promote digital产业 expansion and structural optimization. Further analysis confirms that technology spillover is a key transmission mechanism: new urbanization enhances the intensity of innovation interactions, facilitates the flow of knowledge and data across regions, and strengthens both intra-urban and inter-urban spillover effects, thereby amplifying the growth of the digital economy. Heterogeneity tests indicate that this promoting effect is more pronounced in megacities, city clusters and regions with higher human capital and digital infrastructure. The study enriches the theoretical understanding of how new urbanization supports high-quality digital development, and provides policy implications for coordinating urban planning, innovation policy and digital infrastructure deployment to build an inclusive, efficient and sustainable digital economy.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: new urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: technology spillover
  topic: keywords
subject: digital economy
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: regional innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ma Wanli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 516
ending page: 529

The transfer characteristics of the world technological activities center countries: The perspective of patent big data analysis
type: item
description: Based on the world scientific center transfer theory, this study quantitatively explores the transfer characteristics of the world technological activities center countries in a long time series from the perspective of nation. The patent big data of 50 major countries/regions from 1970 to 2020 is selected as the analysis object, and on the basis of sorting out and deconstructing six analytical dimensions that reveal different aspects of the pattern evolution of world technological activities, characteristic parameters are introduced and a decision matrix is constructed to achieve the quantitative definition of the world technological activities center countries. From six analytical dimensions, the transfer characteristics of the world technological activities center countries are quantified and summarized. The results of the study show that the world technological activities center countries exhibit the following transfer characteristics during 1970-2020: (1) There exists a phenomenon of center countries transfer in the world technological activities. Since 1970, the phenomenon of center countries transfer is prevalent, no matter the traditional technology output activities, or various kinds of transnational technology exchange activities under the background of globalization, no matter the main center countries or the sub-center countries. (2) The transfer speed of the world technological activities center countries is gradually accelerating. Compared with the ultra-long technology prosperity period of over a century in ancient and the period from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, the transfer speed of modern technology activities center countries has been significantly accelerated, and the technology prosperity period has been reduced to a time scale of several decades, and it may be further accelerated in the future. (3) The central strength of the world technological activities center countries is generally low and shows a trend of further decline.…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: World technological activities center countries
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific center transfer theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent big data
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological multipolarity
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological competition
  topic: keywords
creator: Feng Zhigang
creator: Zhang Zhiqiang
creator: Liu Hao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 502
ending page: 515

Research on the influence of coopetition capabilities on firms' digital transformation performance
type: item
description: Achieving firms' digital transformation success during coopetition has become the focus of academia and industry. Based on dynamic capability theory, we introduce three dimensions of coopetition capabilities (Coopetition Mindset (CM), Analytical Acumen (AA) and Executional Skills (ES)) as key drivers in firms' digital transformation performance (DTP), and further discuss the roles of the digital atmosphere of coopetition (DAC) and the digital technology embedding adaptability (DTEA). By analyzing the questionnaire data of 196 strategic emerging industries in Southwest China, we find that CM, AA and ES positively impact DTP. The DAC enhances the positive effect of CM on DTP, while the DTEA enhances the positive impact of ES on DTP; digital transformation, as well as provide useful insights for managers on how to pursue better firms' digital transformation performance in cooperation.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Coopetition capabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital transformation performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Coopetition mindset (CM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital atmosphere of coopetition
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital technology embedding adaptability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dong Zhichun
creator: Shao Yunfei
creator: Chen Yanping
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 483
ending page: 501

Mission - oriented governance reform of national research institutions: Origin, dilemma and approach
type: item
description: In the context of technological competition among major countries, the mission-oriented innovation has become a crucial policy approach to addressing “major challenges”. As important players to implement mission-oriented innovation, national research institutions urgently need to promote the mission-oriented governance reforms. Based on the analytical framework of multiple institutional conflicts under the decentralization of authority among research organizations, the paper analyzes the conflicts among government, research institutions and researchers. It discusses the real dilemma of national research institutions as their missions lose focus and proposes the reform approach for these institutions by using international experience for reference. The study indicates that since the reform and opening-up, China’s research institutions have generally shifted from centralized management in the planned economy era to decentralized research management involving multiple players, leading to multiple institutional logic conflicts between formal and informal institutions and weakening the institutional foundation crucial for the operation of a “mission-oriented” logic. To reform the management system of national research institutions in the new era, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship among the government, research institutions and researchers, establish a multi- governance structure, strengthen the collaboration among multiple players, reinforce institutionalized research organizations, and implement performance target management. This will create a “closed-loop” management path where the government ensures resource support and performance constraints while national research institutions independently organize activities of scientific research.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Mission-oriented innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: National research institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-governance structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional logic conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance target management
  topic: keywords
creator: Wei Peng
creator: Tian Delu
creator: Li Jing
creator: Hou Shanshan
creator: Huo Zhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 468
ending page: 482

Analysis of the Correlation between Scientific and Technological Talent Structure and Scientific and Technological Output Efficiency - A Case Study of Shenzhen City
type: item
description: In the long run, the growth of scientific and technological output depends more on the improvement of scientific and technological output efficiency than the increase of scientific and technological input. The hierarchical structure of scientific and technological talents plays an important role in the efficiency of scientific and technological output. This paper uses the Malmquist index research method based on DEA to dynamically measure the efficiency of scientific and technological output and its decomposition index in Shenzhen, and analyzes the correlation between the measurement results and the changes in the number of scientific and technological talents at all levels in Shenzhen. The study finds that the second level of scientific and technological talents and the efficiency of scientific and technological output show a strong significant correlation, while the top and bottom levels of scientific and technological talents have no significant correlation. The formulation of science and technology and talent policies should refer to the measurement results for hierarchical and targeted talent introduction.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Scientific and technological output efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: DEA
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical structure of S&T talents
  topic: keywords
subject: Shenzhen innovation system
  topic: keywords
subject: targeted introduction
  topic: keywords
creator: Sun Wei
creator: Wang Pusheng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 442
ending page: 467

Ethics and Governance of Human Brain Organoids Research and Application
type: item
description: Human brain organoids provide a high-quality model for exploring mechanisms of the cognition, development and disease in the human brain. However, while triggering a revolutionary leap in human brain biomedical research, it will also trigger a series of new crises in life technology ethics and new challenges in classical ethical issues, mainly involving moral status of human brain organoids, moral humanization of animal/non-living entity and ethical issues related to human brain organoids biobanks. Based on ethical norms analysis, it is recommended to analyze the above-mentioned ethical dilemmas in depth and classify human brain organoids research and application for ethical governance: conduct routine reviews for low-risk research and applications, and add expert review procedures for high-risk research and applications.It also calls for the research community to collaborate, fully discuss, and jointly review in order to solve the ‘Colin Grinch dilemma’ and guide responsible innovation in human brain organoids research and application.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Human brain organoids
  topic: keywords
subject: Life technology ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral status
  topic: keywords
subject: moral humanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Brain organoid biobanks
  topic: keywords
subject: Responsible innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Luo Huiyu
creator: Ma Yonghui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 428
ending page: 441

Ethical Risks of the Generative Information Privacy Divide
type: item
description: In the era of generative AI, the privacy crisis is intensifying. Current research primarily focuses on new methods of privacy invasion brought about by large models and their countermeasures, yet there is scarce attention to the more fundamental issue of the generative information privacy divide. This refers to the gap between the "ought" and the "is" of individual informational privacy, exacerbated by the predictive analytical capabilities and generative functions of multi-modal large models. These technologies enhance the privacy awareness and manipulation power of TA (human and machine agents), resulting in individuals facing a widening disparity in their enjoyment of information privacy. This concept helps to more intuitively reveal the "entanglement" between AI technology, privacy subjects, and privacy itself. The generative information privacy divide may lead to ontological privacy alienation, epistemological cognitive reification, and praxeological behavior "domestication". The key to addressing these issues lies in two main strategies: Firstly, achieving three major paradigm shifts in regulation; Secondly, a tripartite governance approach that simultaneously employs heteronomy, technonomy, and autonomy.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Generative information privacy divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Multimodal large models
  topic: keywords
subject: Privacy alienation and cognitive reification
  topic: keywords
subject: Heteronomy–technonomy–autonomy governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative AI era privacy regulation paradigms
  topic: keywords
creator: Wang Juan
creator: Tang Shukun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 414
ending page: 427

Can the innovation-driven development strategy help cultivate new quality productivity? An empirical test based on continuous difference-in-differences.
type: item
description: In the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, relying on innovation driven has become the proper meaning and key way to cultivate new quality productivity. The article takes the promulgation of the Outline of the National Innovation Driven Development Strategy as a quasi-natural experiment, selects the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022, and adopts the continuous DID method to explore the impact effect and transmission mechanism of the National Innovation Driven Development Strategy on the cultivation of new quality productivity.The study finds that: (1) The implementation of the national innovation driven development strategy significantly boosts the cultivation of new quality productivity in regions, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of rigorous robustness tests; (2)The results of the mechanism test show that the national innovation driven development strategy mainly contributes to the cultivation of new quality productivity by promoting market development and information technology;(3) Expansion analyses show that there is an obvious unevenness in the boosting effect of the national innovation-driven development strategy on new quality productivity. Compared to the central and western regions and regions with lower human capital, the eastern region and regions with higher human capital can draw more benefits from strategic implementation. This paper theoretically extends the relevant research on the influencing factors of new quality productivity, and practically provides empirical guidance for the implementation of the innovation driven development strategy and the acceleration of the development of new quality productivity.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: National innovation-driven development strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: New quality productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Continuous difference-in-differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Market development
  topic: keywords
subject: information technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional heterogeneity
  topic: keywords
creator: Wu Yongchao
creator: Li Jianjiang
creator: Liu Wei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 398
ending page: 413

Research on Strategic Intellectual Property Management for New Tracks of Future Industries: Taking Quantum Computing as an Example
type: item
description: Future industries usually refer to industries at the forefront of science and technology and emerging technologies, with great development potential and the ability to lead future economic and social changes. In the development of future industries, how to effectively reduce high uncertainty, clarify ambiguous information, and define clear goals is the key to promote synergy, scenario development, and resource integration, in which strategic intellectual property management plays an important role. Taking the new track of quantum computing as an example, this paper analyses the whole chain of "creative conception - technological innovation - product R&D - industrial ecology construction" of future industries on the one hand, and explores the role of strategic intellectual property management in it on the other hand, and arrives at three levels of research results. Firstly, there is a "fuzzy front end" in the opening up of new tracks of future industries, and efficient strategic intellectual property management is needed to support the process from the generation and screening of creative ideas to the initial formation of concepts, in which strategic intellectual property planning and management plays the role of "adhesive". Secondly, the technology development of the new track of the future industry requires the formation of a collaborative innovation ecosystem among all parties, in which the target management of IP portfolio plays the role of "catalyst". Finally, the development of new tracks in future industries requires all parties to promote the synergy between the innovation chain and the industrial chain, in which strategic IP management plays the role of "lubricant". The superposition of these three roles drives the acceleration of the new track of future industries.
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Future industries
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic intellectual property management
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Collaborative innovation ecosystem
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation chain–industrial chain synergy
  topic: keywords
creator: Jiang Yinxin
creator: Chen Daming
creator: Yu Xinmiao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 383
ending page: 397

Can Moral Enhancement Address Humanity’s Existential Threats?
type: item
description: Moral enhancement refers to the use of technologies, such as biomedical interventions or artificial intelligence (AI), to improve an individual’s moral motivation or cognitive capacities, thereby fostering moral development and addressing humanity’s existential crises like ecological degradation and terrorism. This topic has become one of the most popular in contemporary applied ethics. In contrast to applied ethics, a significant trend in normative ethics is the study of moral progress, which examines how society as a whole can improve morally. Although closely related, research on social moral progress and individual moral enhancement rarely cross-reference each other. However, the goal of moral enhancement can only be achieved through the moral progress of society as a whole, and social moral progress, in turn, depends on individuals developing relevant motivations and cognitive capacities. This article aims to bridge these two areas, arguing that only by promoting overall moral progress in society – establishing moral principles and distribution systems that place greater emphasis on equality – can humanity’s existential crises be alleviated, and moral enhancement has a unique role within this framework. While technological advancements have brought unprecedented benefits to human society, they have also led to unique ethical dilemmas of our time. Excessive consumerism has resulted in climate degradation and resource depletion, and high-tech terrorism poses an existential threat to humanity. This article argues that these ethical challenges, at its core, stem from the growing socioeconomic inequality created by the market economy in the context of the technological revolution. To address these ethical issues at their root, we argue, there is an urgent need for societal reforms to establish a more equitable distribution system. The success of such reforms depends on transforming moral principles. Therefore, we argue that it is necessary to envision and advocate f…
subject: Research Article ○ Abstract Only
  topic: section
subject: Moral enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Social moral progress
  topic: keywords
subject: Existential risks and inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Equality-centered moral ideals
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological revolution and distributive justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhou Jinglin
creator: Sun Yuying
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Science of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 367
ending page: 382